ABSTRACT
Context (Background): Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease with increase in salivary Nitric oxide levels and Curcumin is known to inhibit inflammatory mediators and neutralize nitric oxide which is expressed in salivary glands. To evaluate and compare the possible improvement in parameters of periodontal disease and salivaryAim: nitric oxide levels in patients undergoing scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic curcumin administration. In one group, systemic curcumin will be administered along withSettings & Design: SRP & in another group only SRP will be performed. In Group A, SRP along with systemicMethods & Materials: curcumin was administered, and in Group B only SRP was performed. In both the groups, periodontal parameters such as the plaque Index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP) and salivary nitric oxide (NO) levels by spectrophotometer were assessed at baseline and after three month. Chi-Square-test was used so as to evaluate and compare theStatistical Analysis used: possible improvement in parameters of periodontal disease and salivary nitric oxide levels in patients undergoing scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic curcumin administration. Results & Conclusions: Clinically significant results with improvement in clinical parameters and reduction in salivary NO levels were noticed in both the groups, although test group showed more reduction in the salivary NO levels when compared to the control group thus concluding that administration of systemic curcumin is effective against salivary NO levels and can be used as an adjunct to SRP.
ABSTRACT
A “tracheotomy” refers to the surgical procedure that creates an opening between the trachea and the midline skin surface of the neck. Indicators for a tracheostomy tube include airway protection, removal of tracheal secretions, and wean from long-term mechanical ventilation. Assessment and management will be overseen by a multidisciplinary team which includes a speech-language pathologist whose involvement in tracheostomy include assisting the patient to tolerate successful periods of cuff deflation and saliva management, re-establishing verbal communication, conducting swallow assessments to re-establish oral intake, providing dysphagia rehabilitation, and providing input into the decannulation decision. This case study is focusing on the 42-year-old male who had the right cerebellopontine angle meningioma for which he underwent retrosigmoid, suboccipital craniotomy, and excision of lesion. Tracheostomy was done following stridor and wheezing, and he is under nasogastric tube for feeding. Assessment and management for swallowing and speech were focussed and results were documented.
ABSTRACT
Background: The risk factors for patients with cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases overlap. Majority of the patients have both problems coexistent. Thus, there is need of medicine that can be used for both the diseases.Methods: Rats weighing 150-250gm of either gender were procured for the study from central animal house. The animals were divided into 7 groups. Control group (Distilled water 2ml), diclofenac sodium (12mg/kg), diltiazem (10mg/kg), diltiazem (30mg/kg), diltiazem (60mg/kg), ranitidine (8mg/kg), ranitidine (16mg/kg). After six hours, scarification of animals was done by cervical dislocation. Size of ulcer, number of gastric ulcers, mean gastric irritancy index, ulcer index, and ulcer scoring were the parameters that were studied.Results: Diltiazem in dose of 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg showed reduction in all parameters in dose dependent manner. Diltiazem (60mg/kg) showed marked reduction in mean diameter of ulcerated surface area (0.46±0.36), number of ulcers (4.10±2.05), size of ulcers (1.07±0.48), total mucosal surface area (7.60±1.38), and total ulcerated surface area (0.263±0.3). Diltiazem (60mg/kg) showed significant reduction of the parameters as compared to other doses of Diltiazem. Also, diltiazem (60mg/kg) was comparable to Ranitidine in all the parameters. Diltiazem (60mg/kg) also showed reduction in average number of ulcers, ulcer index, mean gastric irritancy index and ulcer scoring as compared to diclofenac sodium (12mg/kg).Conclusions: Diltiazem has shown to have ulcer prevention property; this can be useful in patients having concomitant cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems.
ABSTRACT
Orbital retinoblastoma is a catastrophic event traditionally carrying a dismal prognosis. Although its incidence is less in the developed countries it continues to be one of the major diagnosis at presentation in the developing world. Orbital retinoblastoma encompasses a wide range of distinct clinical entities with varying tumor load. There are no standard treatment protocols as of now but the current preferred management is multimodal with a combination of initial high-dose chemotherapy, surgery, external beam radiotherapy and prolonged chemotherapy for twelve cycles. In spite of progress on all fronts including surgical, medical, diagnostic, genetic and rehabilitative with improving survival rates, however, lack of access to medical facilities, lack of education about the need for early medical attention and cultural resistance to enucleation continue to contribute to an epidemic of extra ocular disease at diagnosis in the developing world. This review introduces the various terminologies used in the spectrum of orbital retinoblastoma, discusses in details the clinical aspects and management protocols, current status and the future directions
Subject(s)
Humans , Orbital Neoplasms , ExophthalmosABSTRACT
We report a 33-year-old Malay lady who presented with fever, tonsillitis and pharyngitis a month after initiation of antithyroid therapy (carbimazole 15 mg tds) for thyrotoxicosis by her general practitioner. She was still clinically and biochemically thyrotoxic but not in thyroid storm. At that time, she was also confirmed to be four weeks pregnant. Her full blood count revealed neutropaenia with an absolute neutrophil count of 0.036 × 109/L. Bone marrow aspirate and trephine were compatible with carbimazole-related agranulocytosis. Carbimazole was discontinued and she was given broad spectrum antibiotics and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF), to which she responded. Verapamil was used for symptomatic heart rate control instead of beta-blockers as she had a history of bronchial asthma. The patient subsequently opted for termination of pregnancy after which she was given radioactive iodine I131 (10 mCi) for definitive therapy of her thyrotoxicosis. In conclusion, carbimazole-related agranulocytosis is an important entity to recognise and treat early to prevent morbidity and mortality. Termination of pregnancy was carried out as the treatment given during the episode of agranulocytosis may have negative effects on foetal viability and growth.